Sparta Timeline

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c. 900 BCE

Sparta is founded.
720 BCE

The dolichos foot-race is added to the schedule of the Olympic Games and is won by Akanthos of Sparta.
706 BCE

Sparta founds the colony of Tarentum in Magna Graecia.
c. 700 BCE

Sparta, Argos and Paros hold the first documented musical competitions in Greece.
c. 650 BCE

Sparta crushes Messenian revolt.
c. 550 BCE - c. 366 BCE

Peloponnesian League alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Elis and Tegea which establishes Spartan hegemony over the Peloponnese.
c. 545 BCE

Sparta takes control of Thyrea from Argos.
525 BCE

Sparta and Corinth unsuccessfully attack Polycrates of Samos.
494 BCE - 493 BCE

Telesilla of Argos defends her city against the Spartan forces with an army of women.
494 BCE - 493 BCE

Spartan forces under Cleomenes I attack the city of Argos.
c. 490 BCE

Leonidas beomes one of Sparta's two kings.
480 BCE

Pausanias is made regent of Sparta for his young cousin Pleistarchus.
480 BCE

Death of King Leonidas of Sparta at the Battle of Thermopylae.
Aug 480 BCE

Battle of Thermopylae. 300 Spartans under King Leonidas and other Greek allies hold back the Persians led by Xerxes I for three days but are defeated.
479 BCE

Xerxes' Persian forces are defeated by Greek forces at Plataea effectively ending Persia's imperial ambitions in Greece.
479 BCE

Future Athenian general Cimon is sent on a diplomatic mission to Sparta.
478 BCE

Sparta withdraws from alliance against Persia.
c. 475 BCE

Athenian general Cimon defeats Spartan general Pausanias and takes Byzantium.
c. 471 BCE

Spartan general Pausanias is put on trial for the second time with a charge of treason but is acquitted for a second time.
464 BCE - 463 BCE

Earthquake in Sparta, followed by slave revolt. Surrender of Thasos.
460 BCE - 445 BCE

First Peloponnesian War.
457 BCE

Sparta wins the battle of Tanagra during the 1st Peloponnesian War with Athens.
451 BCE - 450 BCE

Peace between Argos and Sparta. Athens and Sparta conclude five-year truce.
451 BCE

Thirty years peace between Argos and Sparta.
451 BCE

Sparta and Argos sign a peace treaty which endures for the next 30 years.
446 BCE - 445 BCE

Spartans invade Attica. Thirty Years' Peace between Athens and Sparta.
432 BCE

Sparta declares that Athens has broken the Thirty Year Peace and prepares for war.
431 BCE - 404 BCE

The Cycladic city states side with Athens in the Peloponnesian war against Sparta and her allies.
431 BCE - 404 BCE

The 2nd Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League) which involved all of Greece.
431 BCE - 404 BCE

Thebes sides with Sparta against Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
430 BCE - c. 354 BCE

Life of Xenophon of Athens.
429 BCE

Peloponnesian forces led by Sparta begin the siege of Plataea.
429 BCE

Following attacks by Sparta, fortifications at the port of Piraeus are extended to reduce the width of the harbour entrances.
427 BCE

Plataea finally falls to the Spartans after a two year siege.
425 BCE

Pylos campaign, under Cleon and Demosthenes' command Athens defeats Sparta at Pylos.
424 BCE - 420 BCE

The Nike of Paionios is erected at Olympia to commemorate the Messenian and Naupaktian victory over Sparta at the battle of Sphakteria.
424 BCE

Spartan general Brasidas takes Amphipolis, Thucydides failed to prevent this and is exiled.
424 BCE

Spartan Brasidas' campaign in Thrace.
424 BCE

A force of Athenian peltasts defeat Spartan hoplites on Sphaktria in the Peloponnese.
422 BCE

Spartan general Brasidas dies of his wounds at Amphipolis.
422 BCE

Spartan general Brasidas employs Myrkinian and Chalkidian peltasts to defeat a force of Athenian hoplites at Amphipolis.
421 BCE

Spartan soldiers return from campaigning Thrace, some as Neodamodeis.
420 BCE

Sparta is excluded from the Olympic Games for breaking the ekecheiria or sacred truce.
418 BCE

Sparta, led by Agis II, defeats Argos and her allies at the battle of Mantinaea.
417 BCE - 415 BCE

Melos, after supporting Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, is attacked by Athens.
413 BCE

On the advice of Alcibiades the Spartans take over the Athenian-held fort of Dekeleia.
412 BCE

The Spartan general Astyochus sacks Kos.
c. 412 BCE

Rhodes revolts against Athens and supports Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
412 BCE

Sparta allies with Persia.
410 BCE

Alcibiades leads the Athenian fleet to victory over Sparta at Cyzicus.
c. 408 BCE

Lysander is first made an admiral of the Spartan fleet.
c. 407 BCE

The Athenian fleet is defeated by Lysander of Sparta at Notium.
404 BCE

Spartan general Lysander attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus destroying parts of the Long Wall fortifications.
404 BCE

End of the Peloponnesian war, Athens defeated By Sparta at Aigospotamoi, Rule of the Thirty Tyrants in Athens.
c. 398 BCE

Xenophon works as mercenary for Sparta.
396 BCE

Spartan Agesilaus II's campaign into Ionia.
395 BCE

Spartan general Lysander is killed by Theban forces at the Battle of Hallartos.
395 BCE - 386 BCE

The Corinthian Wars between Sparta and an alliance of Athens, Corinth, Argos, Boeotia and Thebes.
390 BCE

Athenian leader Iphikrates employs peltasts to defeat Spartan hoplites at Lechaion near Corinth.
387 BCE

Sparta attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus.
382 BCE - 379 BCE

Sparta establishes a garrison at Thebes.
c. 379 BCE

Pelopidas removes the Spartan garrison from the Theban acropolis.
378 BCE - 377 BCE

Spartan king Agesilaus II campaigns in Boeotia.
377 BCE - 355 BCE

The Cycladic city states join Athens in the Second Athenian League against Sparta .
375 BCE

Thebes defeats Sparta at the Battle of Tegyra.
371 BCE

Thebes, led by Epaminondas, defeats Sparta in the Battle of Leuctra.
367 BCE

Celtic mercenaries fight with the Spartans against Thebes.
366 BCE

Athens regains control of Samos from Sparta.
362 BCE

Indecisive Battle of Matinea where Thebes fought against Sparta and Athens. Theban general Epaminondas is killed.
295 BCE

Demetrius I campaigns in central Greece, removes the tyrant Lachares from Athens and defeats Sparta.
273 BCE

Pyrrhus of Epirus attacks Macedon and Sparta.
222 BCE

The Achaean League and Antigonos III of Macedon defeat Sparta at Sellasia.
219 BCE

The physician Archagathus of Sparta arrives in Rome.
267 CE

The Goths sack Athens, Corinth, Sparta, and Argos.
396 CE

Sparta is sacked by the Visigoths led by Alaric.

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Legend:
Arts & Culture Cities & Buildings Civilization & Science Migration & Trade Nature & Climate Philosophy & Religion Rulers & Politics States & Territories War(fare) & Battles

900 BCE 800 BCE 700 BCE 600 BCE 500 BCE 400 BCE 300 BCE 200 BCE 100 BCE 0 CE 100 CE 200 CE 300 CE

900 BCE: Sparta is founded.

720 BCE: The dolichos foot-race is added to the schedule of the Olympic Games and is won by Akanthos of Sparta.

706 BCE: Sparta founds the colony of Tarentum in Magna Graecia.

700 BCE: Sparta, Argos and Paros hold the first documented musical competitions in Greece.

650 BCE: Sparta crushes Messenian revolt.

550 BCE - 366 BCE: Peloponnesian League alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Elis and Tegea which establishes Spartan hegemony over the Peloponnese.

545 BCE: Sparta takes control of Thyrea from Argos.

525 BCE: Sparta and Corinth unsuccessfully attack Polycrates of Samos.

494 BCE - 493 BCE: Telesilla of Argos defends her city against the Spartan forces with an army of women.

494 BCE - 493 BCE: Spartan forces under Cleomenes I attack the city of Argos.

490 BCE: Leonidas beomes one of Sparta's two kings.

480 BCE: Pausanias is made regent of Sparta for his young cousin Pleistarchus.

480 BCE: Death of King Leonidas of Sparta at the Battle of Thermopylae.

480 BCE: Battle of Thermopylae. 300 Spartans under King Leonidas and other Greek allies hold back the Persians led by Xerxes I for three days but are defeated.

479 BCE: Xerxes' Persian forces are defeated by Greek forces at Plataea effectively ending Persia's imperial ambitions in Greece.

479 BCE: Future Athenian general Cimon is sent on a diplomatic mission to Sparta.

478 BCE: Sparta withdraws from alliance against Persia.

475 BCE: Athenian general Cimon defeats Spartan general Pausanias and takes Byzantium.

471 BCE: Spartan general Pausanias is put on trial for the second time with a charge of treason but is acquitted for a second time.

464 BCE - 463 BCE: Earthquake in Sparta, followed by slave revolt. Surrender of Thasos.

460 BCE - 445 BCE: First Peloponnesian War.

457 BCE: Sparta wins the battle of Tanagra during the 1st Peloponnesian War with Athens.

451 BCE - 450 BCE: Peace between Argos and Sparta. Athens and Sparta conclude five-year truce.

451 BCE: Thirty years peace between Argos and Sparta.

451 BCE: Sparta and Argos sign a peace treaty which endures for the next 30 years.

446 BCE - 445 BCE: Spartans invade Attica. Thirty Years' Peace between Athens and Sparta.

432 BCE: Sparta declares that Athens has broken the Thirty Year Peace and prepares for war.

431 BCE - 404 BCE: The Cycladic city states side with Athens in the Peloponnesian war against Sparta and her allies.

431 BCE - 404 BCE: The 2nd Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League) which involved all of Greece.

431 BCE - 404 BCE: Thebes sides with Sparta against Athens in the Peloponnesian War.

430 BCE - 354 BCE: Life of Xenophon of Athens.

429 BCE: Peloponnesian forces led by Sparta begin the siege of Plataea.

429 BCE: Following attacks by Sparta, fortifications at the port of Piraeus are extended to reduce the width of the harbour entrances.

427 BCE: Plataea finally falls to the Spartans after a two year siege.

425 BCE: Pylos campaign, under Cleon and Demosthenes' command Athens defeats Sparta at Pylos.

424 BCE - 420 BCE: The Nike of Paionios is erected at Olympia to commemorate the Messenian and Naupaktian victory over Sparta at the battle of Sphakteria.

424 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas takes Amphipolis, Thucydides failed to prevent this and is exiled.

424 BCE: Spartan Brasidas' campaign in Thrace.

424 BCE: A force of Athenian peltasts defeat Spartan hoplites on Sphaktria in the Peloponnese.

422 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas dies of his wounds at Amphipolis.

422 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas employs Myrkinian and Chalkidian peltasts to defeat a force of Athenian hoplites at Amphipolis.

421 BCE: Spartan soldiers return from campaigning Thrace, some as Neodamodeis.

420 BCE: Sparta is excluded from the Olympic Games for breaking the ekecheiria or sacred truce.

418 BCE: Sparta, led by Agis II, defeats Argos and her allies at the battle of Mantinaea.

417 BCE - 415 BCE: Melos, after supporting Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, is attacked by Athens.

413 BCE: On the advice of Alcibiades the Spartans take over the Athenian-held fort of Dekeleia.

412 BCE: The Spartan general Astyochus sacks Kos.

412 BCE: Rhodes revolts against Athens and supports Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.

412 BCE: Sparta allies with Persia.

410 BCE: Alcibiades leads the Athenian fleet to victory over Sparta at Cyzicus.

408 BCE: Lysander is first made an admiral of the Spartan fleet.

407 BCE: The Athenian fleet is defeated by Lysander of Sparta at Notium.

404 BCE: Spartan general Lysander attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus destroying parts of the Long Wall fortifications.

404 BCE: End of the Peloponnesian war, Athens defeated By Sparta at Aigospotamoi, Rule of the Thirty Tyrants in Athens.

398 BCE: Xenophon works as mercenary for Sparta.

396 BCE: Spartan Agesilaus II's campaign into Ionia.

395 BCE: Spartan general Lysander is killed by Theban forces at the Battle of Hallartos.

395 BCE - 386 BCE: The Corinthian Wars between Sparta and an alliance of Athens, Corinth, Argos, Boeotia and Thebes.

390 BCE: Athenian leader Iphikrates employs peltasts to defeat Spartan hoplites at Lechaion near Corinth.

387 BCE: Sparta attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus.

382 BCE - 379 BCE: Sparta establishes a garrison at Thebes.

379 BCE: Pelopidas removes the Spartan garrison from the Theban acropolis.

378 BCE - 377 BCE: Spartan king Agesilaus II campaigns in Boeotia.

377 BCE - 355 BCE: The Cycladic city states join Athens in the Second Athenian League against Sparta .

375 BCE: Thebes defeats Sparta at the Battle of Tegyra.

371 BCE: Thebes, led by Epaminondas, defeats Sparta in the Battle of Leuctra.

367 BCE: Celtic mercenaries fight with the Spartans against Thebes.

366 BCE: Athens regains control of Samos from Sparta.

362 BCE: Indecisive Battle of Matinea where Thebes fought against Sparta and Athens. Theban general Epaminondas is killed.

295 BCE: Demetrius I campaigns in central Greece, removes the tyrant Lachares from Athens and defeats Sparta.

273 BCE: Pyrrhus of Epirus attacks Macedon and Sparta.

222 BCE: The Achaean League and Antigonos III of Macedon defeat Sparta at Sellasia.

219 BCE: The physician Archagathus of Sparta arrives in Rome.

267 CE: The Goths sack Athens, Corinth, Sparta, and Argos.

396 CE: Sparta is sacked by the Visigoths led by Alaric.

900 BCE 700 BCE 500 BCE 300 BCE 100 BCE 100 CE 300 CE

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