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Mansa Musa I
Mansa Musa I was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa from 1312 to 1337 CE. Controlling territories rich in gold and copper, as well as monopolising...
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Hercules in Chariot
A black-figure kylix (drinking cup) depicting Hercules being driven in a chariot by Hermes. Athena is to the right. Tarentum, southern Italy, 550-520...
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Article
Sulla's Reforms as Dictator
Lucius Cornelius Sulla (l. 138 - 78 BCE) enacted his constitutional reforms (81 BCE) as dictator to strengthen the Roman Senate’s power. Sulla...
Definition
King Stephen of England
King Stephen of England, often called Stephen of Blois, ruled from 1135 to 1154 CE. His predecessor Henry I of England (r. 1100-1135 CE) had left no...
Article
Dogs in Ancient Persia
Dogs have been an integral aspect of the human condition in virtually every world culture for thousands of years. Some of the greatest civilizations...
Definition
Bimbisara
Bimbisara (c. 545/544 BCE - c. 493/492 BCE) was a king of the Magadha Kingdom who is credited with establishing imperial dominance...
Definition
Henry I of England
Henry I reigned as the king of England from 1100 to 1135 CE. The son of William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087 CE), Henry succeeded his brother William...
Definition
Islamic Caliphates
Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire...
Definition
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle, located in Berkshire, England, was first built as a motte and bailey castle by William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087 CE). The castle was...
Definition
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad ibn Abdullah (l. 570-610 CE) is venerated today as the Prophet of Islam and the “seal of Prophets” by his followers – the...
Article
Truths Wrapped in Fiction: Mesopotamian Naru Literature
Originality in literary compositions in the ancient world did not carry the same weight and value as it does in the present day. In recent centuries...
Definition
William II of England
William II of England, sometimes called William ‘Rufus’ for his red hair and complexion, reigned as the king of England from 1087 to 1100...
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