King Ashurbanipal
Definition

Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal (668-627 BCE, also known as Assurbanipal) was the last...
Neo-Assyrian Cuneiform Lexical List
Definition

Cuneiform

Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians...
Ishtar Standing on a Lion
Definition

Ishtar

Ishtar (Inanna in Sumerian sources) is a primary Mesopotamian goddess...
Assyrian Lion Hunt Relief
Definition

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning 'between two rivers&rsquo...
Goddess Nisaba
Definition

Nisaba

Nisaba (also Naga, Se-Naga, Nissaba, Nidaba, and associated with Nanibgal...
Cuneiform Tablets in Sumerian
Definition

Sumerian Language

The Sumerian language was spoken in southern Mesopotamia before the...
Cuneiform Writing
Definition

Writing

Writing is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. It is thought...
Neo-Assyrian Cuneiform Lexical List
Article

Cuneiform Lexical Lists

Lexical lists are compilations of cuneiform signs and word readings...
Sumerian Votive Plaque
Article

Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia

Daily life in ancient Mesopotamia cannot be described in the same way...
The Library of Nysa
Article

Libraries in the Ancient World

Libraries were a feature of larger cities across the ancient world with...
Gilgamesh Tablet Fragment
Article

New Gilgamesh Fragment: Enkidu's Sexual Exploits Doubled

Sometimes it is the smallest discoveries that have the largest impact...
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Article

Scribes in ancient Mesopotamia

Literacy was not widespread in Mesopotamia. Scribes, nearly always...
Sumerian Worshipper Statue
Article

Sumerian Civilization: Inventing the Future

Imagine something that has never been thought of before. If one holds...
Detail, Illegally Excavated Mesopotamian Clay Tablet
Article

The Aftermath of Looting: Illegally Excavated Mesopotamian Tablets

He who saw everything in the broad-boned earth, and knew what was...
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Article

The beginnings of the written culture in Antiquity

This paper proposes an analysis of writing as a system for communication...
Cyrus Cylinder
Article

The Cyrus Cylinder

The Cyrus Cylinder is a document issued by Cyrus the Great, consisting...
Newly Discovered Tablet II of the Epic of Gilgamesh
Article

The Newly Discovered Tablet II of the Epic of Gilgamesh

Surpassing all other kings, heroic in stature,      ...
A partially vitrified tablet from Nineveh
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A partially vitrified tablet from Nineveh

The age-old vulnerability of libraries in times of warfare applied as...
Amarna Letter Tablet from Tushratta
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Amarna Letter Tablet from Tushratta

Cuneiform tablet inscribed with a letter from Tushratta, king of Mitanni...
Ashurbanipal as High Priest
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Ashurbanipal as High Priest

An Assyrian relief depicting King Ashurbanipal of Assyria as High Priest...
Assyrian Cuneiform Brick
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Assyrian Cuneiform Brick

The cuneiform inscriptions on this mud-brick mention the name of Ashurnasirpal...
Assyrian Door-sill
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Assyrian Door-sill

The cuneiform inscription gives the name and genealogy of Adad-nirari...
Babylonian Cuneiform Lexical List
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Babylonian Cuneiform Lexical List

Late Babylonian lexical list of personal names on a clay tablet.
Babylonian Map of the World
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Babylonian Map of the World

Babylonian, about 700-500 BC Probably from Sippar, southern Iraq...
Basalt Pillar with Cuneiform, Armenia
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Basalt Pillar with Cuneiform, Armenia

An ancient balsalt pillar in the southeastern section of the Erebuni...
Cone of Sin-Iddinam
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Cone of Sin-Iddinam

A foundation cone with cuneiform inscriptions. The name of the king...
Cuneiform Inscribed Well Curb
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Cuneiform Inscribed Well Curb

A stone ring of a well curb with cuneiform inscriptions which mention...
Cuneiform Inscription of Arguishti
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Cuneiform Inscription of Arguishti

The famed "Cuneiform of Arguishti," which celebrates his construction...
Cuneiform Synonyms List
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Cuneiform Synonyms List

Occasionally, cuneiform text scribes encounter difficult or rare words...
Cuneiform Tablets in Sumerian
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Cuneiform Tablets in Sumerian

Carved stone cuneiform tablets in Sumerian. Left: Temple of Ningirsu...
Cuneiform Writing
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Cuneiform Writing

A relief of cuneiform writing from Assyria. Exhibited in the British...
Cuneiform, Gold Earring from Ur III
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Cuneiform, Gold Earring from Ur III

This is the upper surface of the earring. Note how the cuneiform signs...
Foundation Tablet of Shulgi from Ur
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Foundation Tablet of Shulgi from Ur

This is a black steatite stone tablet, inscribed with a cuneiform text...
Foundation Tablet of Ur-Nammu
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Foundation Tablet of Ur-Nammu

The cuneiform inscriptions on this tablet mention the name of Ur-Nammu...
Golden Earrings From King Shulgi
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Golden Earrings From King Shulgi

A pair of golden earrings with the shape of a half pumpkin. The overlying...
Inscribed Giant River-worn Pebble
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Inscribed Giant River-worn Pebble

The cuneiform inscriptions mention that Enannatum, king of Lagash, reminds...
Jerwan Aqueduct Inscription
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Jerwan Aqueduct Inscription

Cuneiform writing on the Jerwan Aqueduct (703-690 BCE). King Sennacherib...
Letter from Ishkun-Dagan
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Letter from Ishkun-Dagan

The cuneiform inscriptions (in the old Akkadian language) on this clay...
Neo-Assyrian Cuneiform Lexical List
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Neo-Assyrian Cuneiform Lexical List

Neo-Assyrian lexical list of names of stones on a clay tablet.
Relief of King Ashurnasirpal II
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Relief of King Ashurnasirpal II

Relief of King Ashurnasirpal II from the palace of Ashurnasirpal II...
Stamped Mud Brick, Babylonia, Mesopotamia
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Stamped Mud Brick, Babylonia, Mesopotamia

This is a stamped mud brick with cuneiform inscriptions, which lies...
Stamped Mud-Brick from Babylon
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Stamped Mud-Brick from Babylon

A close-up view of a partially broken stamped mud-brick. I found the...
Stele of King Nabonidus, a close-up view
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Stele of King Nabonidus, a close-up view

It narrates the various religious activities of king Nabonidus and contains...
Stone Monument of Esarhaddon
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Stone Monument of Esarhaddon

Irregular rectangular-sided monument recording Esarhaddon's restoration...
The Amarna Letters
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The Amarna Letters

These clay tablets (letters) were found in the ruins of Akhenaten's...
The Blau Monuments
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The Blau Monuments

These 2 unusual green schist stone tablets seem to belong together and...
The Cyrus Cylinder
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The Cyrus Cylinder

This clay tablet dates back to the reign of the Achaemenid king Cyrus...
The Taylor Prism of King Sennacherib, Nineveh
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The Taylor Prism of King Sennacherib, Nineveh

This prism records the first eight campaigns of the Assyrian King Sennacherib...
Urartian Cuneiform
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Urartian Cuneiform

Urartian cuneiform inscription on the left of the temple door at Erebuni...
Vessel from Umma
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Vessel from Umma

"This is the boundary according to the monument of (the god) Shara"...
Cuneiform Tablet, Ur - 3D View
3D Image

Cuneiform Tablet, Ur - 3D View

Clay cuneiform tablet. Note of ten sheep and ten goats taken from flocks...
Statue of Idrimi, King of Alalakh
3D Image

Statue of Idrimi, King of Alalakh

This statue depicts Idrimi, King of Alalakh in the 15th century BCE...
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Blog

Cuneiform and the Amarna Letters

Cuneiform is considered the single most significant legacy of the ancient...
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Blog

Mesopotamia in the Classroom

Cuneiform tablet made by a sixth grader in my class. Sixth graders...
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Blog

The Divine Gift of Writing

The gods were responsible for teaching humans how to write. Without...
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Blog

The White Obelisk of Ashurnasirpal I

In July 1853, Hormuzd Rassam was excavating an area at the ruins of...
A new beginning for the Middle East: The Cyrus Cylinder and Ancient Persia
Video

A new beginning for the Middle East: The Cyrus Cylinder and Ancient Persia

The Cyrus Cylinder is one of the most famous objects to have survived...
An Ancient Board Game - Irving Finkel
Video

An Ancient Board Game - Irving Finkel

Irving Finkel has possibly the coolest job in the world – he’s curator...
Cradles of Civilization -  Gudea of Lagash
Video

Cradles of Civilization - Gudea of Lagash

In part eight of his lecture, Dr. Neiman explains that as the alphabet...
Cradles of Civilization - Cracking the code
Video

Cradles of Civilization - Cracking the code

This is the part one of lecture two in the series "Cradles of Civilization"...
Cradles of Civilization - Gilgamesh
Video

Cradles of Civilization - Gilgamesh

In the fourth part of his lecture, Dr. Neiman explains that writing...
Cradles of Civilization - King Hammurabi of Babylon (Part 1)
Video

Cradles of Civilization - King Hammurabi of Babylon (Part 1)

King Hammurabi of Babylon practices the art of diplomacy and war. In...
Cradles of Civilization - Sumeria
Video

Cradles of Civilization - Sumeria

In this third segment from Dr. David Neiman's lecture series, he describes...
Cuneiform Hand-Me-Downs - how Sumerian outlived its speakers
Video

Cuneiform Hand-Me-Downs - how Sumerian outlived its speakers

My favorite example of how odd Cuneiform became as it was passed from...
Cuneiform: Irving Finkel & Jonathan Taylor bring ancient inscriptions to life
Video

Cuneiform: Irving Finkel & Jonathan Taylor bring ancient inscriptions to life

A brief look into a new book that will bring insight into the world's...
Irving Finkel discusses Cuneiform
Video

Irving Finkel discusses Cuneiform

Come behind the scenes to the Arched Room – an architectural highlight...
Mesopotamia: The Development of Written Language
Video

Mesopotamia: The Development of Written Language

In animation, this video describes the development of cuneiform script...
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Video

Origins of Written Language (Language of Coins: 2/16)

The origin of pictographic & ideographic writing systems are imagined...
Written Language in Mesopotamia
Video

Written Language in Mesopotamia

This video describes the intricate system of writing in cuneiform script...