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1194 CEFrederick II is born in Jesi, Italy.
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1197 CEHoly Roman Emperor Henry VI, Frederick II's father, dies.
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1198 CE - 1250 CEFrederick II rules over Sicily.
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1198 CEConstance of Sicily, Frederick II's mother, dies.
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1198 CE - 1208 CEPhilip of Swabia, Frederick II's uncle, rules over Germany.
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1208 CEPhilip of Swabia was murdered.
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1209 CEFrederick II marries Constance of Aragon and begins consolidating his hold over Sicily.
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1209 CE - 1215 CEOtto IV rules Germany.
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1211 CEFrederick II's first son, Henry VII, is born.
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1215 CE - 1250 CEFrederick II rules over Germany.
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1215 CEFrederick II defeats Otto IV, with the help of Philip Augustus of France.
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1218 CEHoly Roman Emperor Otto IV dies.
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1218 CEYolande dies giving birth to Frederick II's second son: Conrad IV.
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1220 CE - 1250 CEFrederick II rules over the Holy Roman Empire.
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1220 CE
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1220 CEAssizes of Capua enacted to gain control over Sicily.
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1221 CEAssizes of Messina enacted.
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1222 CEFrederick II's first wife, Constance of Aragon, dies.
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1224 CEFrederick II establishes the University of Naples.
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1225 CE - 1228 CEFrederick II rules as the king of Jerusalem.
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1225 CEFrederick II marries Yolande/Isabella II of Jerusalem.
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1227 CEFrederick II departs for a Crusade but turns back due to illness.
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1228 CE - 1229 CEThe Sixth Crusade is formed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. It achieves through diplomacy Christian control of Jerusalem.
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7 Sep 1228 CE
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1229 CE - 1230 CEFrederick II's first war with the Papacy.
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18 Feb 1229 CEThe Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Frederick II and al-Kamil to hand over Jerusalem to Christian rule.
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1230 CETreaty of Cepranno signed between Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX.
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1231 CEConstitutions of Melfi.
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1235 CEFrederick II's son Henry VII revolts in Germany. Revolt is crushed.
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1236 CE - 1242 CEMultiple Mongol armies attack western Asia, Russia, Poland, and Hungary.
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1237 CE
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1241 CEBattle of Giglio, a decisive naval victory for the imperial fleet of Frederick II against the Genoese.
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1241 CERome barely escapes Frederick II's grasp, as Gregory IX dies and the emperor turns back.
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1242 CEHenry VII, King of Germany, dies.
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1245 CEInnocent IV excommunicates and deposes Frederick II.
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1248 CE
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1249 CEBattle of Fossalta, imperial forces are defeated by the army of Bologna.
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1250 CEFrederick II dies.
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