Rome Timeline

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  • 753 BCE
    The legendary founding date of Rome.
  • 753 BCE - 510 BCE
    Regal Period of ancient Rome from Founding to Birth of the Republic.
  • 750 BCE - 510 BCE
    The semi-legendary celeres or trossuli - a 300-man cavalry corps which the first kings of Rome incorporated into the legion - is formed, later their number is increased to 600.
  • 750 BCE - 510 BCE
    The (semi-mythological) seven kings of Rome: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tulus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus.
  • c. 620 BCE
    Posible founding date for Ostia, the port of Rome.
  • 599 BCE - 500 BCE
    The traditional date when the Circus Maximus of Rome is first laid out.
  • 578 BCE - 535 BCE
    Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, increases the number of the cavalry corps (equites) to 1,800.
  • 509 BCE
    Foundation of the Roman Republic.
  • 509 BCE
    First treaty between Rome and Carthage.
  • 504 BCE
    Migration of Claudii from Sabine lands to Rome.
  • c. 499 BCE
    Battle of Lake Regillus between Rome and the Latin League.
  • 498 BCE - 493 BCE
    Rome defeats the Latins.
  • c. 497 BCE
    The first temple dedicated to Saturn is constructed in the Roman Forum of Rome.
  • 493 BCE
    Foedus Cassianus - treaty by Spurius Cassius Vecellinus with the Latin League after the Battle of Lake Regillus.
  • 484 BCE
    The first temple of the Dioscuri (Castor & Pollux) is dedicated in Rome by Aulus Postumius following his victory over the Latins at the Battle of Lake Regillus.
  • 451 BCE - 450 BCE
    Decemvirate and Publication of Twelve Tables of Roman Law.
  • 449 BCE
    The Valerio-Horatian Laws establishes the tribal assemblies in Rome.
  • 431 BCE
    The temple to Apollo Medicus is built in Rome.
  • c. 400 BCE
    Roman tale of mythical twins Romulus and Remus first recorded.
  • 390 BCE
    Gauls sack Rome.
  • 387 BCE
    "Gallic Catastrophe:" Duke Brennus of the Celts defeats the Romans at Allia, and subsequently sacks Rome. Celts move off after ransom is paid.
  • 380 BCE
    Rebuilding of Rome. Strong walls around the seven hills.
  • c. 367 BCE - 529 CE
    Worship of the goddess Isis spreads outside Egypt's borders to Greece and Rome.
  • 367 BCE
    Livy mentions Celtic armies in Ancona and one such group moves against Rome once more.
  • 367 BCE
    Position of aedile curule added for the patricians of Rome.
  • 343 BCE - 341 BCE
    First Samnite War (Rome vs. Samnites).
  • 340 BCE - 338 BCE
    Latin War, victory for Rome.
  • 334 BCE
    Rome signs a peace treaty with the Senones tribe.
  • 326 BCE - 304 BCE
    Second Samnite War.
  • 323 BCE - 30 BCE
    Horus remains a popular deity during the Ptolemaic Dynasty, the last to rule over Egypt before the coming of Rome.
  • 323 BCE - 30 BCE
    The Egyptian Book of the Dead continues in popular use through the Ptolemaic Dynasty, the last to rule Egypt before the coming of Rome.
  • 321 BCE
    The Via Appia, a famous Roman road, is constructed.
  • 312 BCE
    Rome's first aqueduct constructed, the 16km long Aqua Appia.
  • 298 BCE - 290 BCE
    Third Samnite War between Rome and the Samnite people.
  • 298 BCE - 290 BCE
    Third Samnite War. Victory for Rome, peace with the Etruscans.
  • 295 BCE
    The first temple to Venus is dedicated on Rome's Aventine Hill.
  • 295 BCE
    Roman victory over Samnites, Gauls and Umbrians at Sentinum.
  • 292 BCE
    The Romans adopt the Greek god of medicine Asclepius by stealing his sacred snake from Epidaurus and setting up a temple on the Tiber Island.
  • c. 287 BCE
    The Lex Hotensia states that laws passed in Rome by the Concilium Plebis are binding to all people, even patricians.
  • 285 BCE - 282 BCE
    Rome defeats the Celts in Italy. Rome's dominance in central Italy is secured.
  • 283 BCE
    Rome decisively defeats the Senones at Picenum.
  • 282 BCE - 272 BCE
    Roman war against Tarentum. Rome conquers Tarentum. Rome’s dominance in lower Italy is secured.
  • 273 BCE
    Rome establishes a colony at Paestum.
  • 272 BCE - 269 BCE
    Rome's Anio Vetus aqueduct constructed.
  • 264 BCE - 241 BCE
  • c. 263 BCE
    A shrine is dedicated to Minerva on the Aventine in Rome.
  • 262 BCE
    Rome besieges and sacks Agrigento on Sicily in one of the first actions of the First Punic War.
  • 260 BCE
    Rome builds a fleet of 120 ships in just 60 days to fight the First Punic War.
  • 258 BCE
    Rome wins a naval battle against Carthage at Sulcis during the First Punic War.
  • 256 BCE
    Rome wins a land battle south of Tunis during the First Punic War.
  • 256 BCE
    Rome lands an army of four legions on African soil at Clupea during the First Punic War.
  • 249 BCE
    Carthage defeats Rome in a naval battle at Drepanum during the First Punic War.
  • 241 BCE - 238 BCE
    The rebellion of the mercenaries: Unpaid mercenaries under the leadership of Mathos and Spendios rebel against Carthage. Despite a peace treaty, Rome seizes the opportunity to strip Carthage of Sardinia and Corsica.
  • 229 BCE - 228 BCE
    Rome fights Illyrian pirates. Queen Teuta pays tribute to Rome.
  • 226 BCE
    Hasdrubal signs an agreement with Rome not to cross the Ebro river in Spain.
  • 225 BCE
    Segesta is granted the status of civitas immunis et libera by Rome.
  • 222 BCE
    Rome conquers Cisalpine Gaul (modern-day Provence, France).
  • 219 BCE
    The physician Archagathus of Sparta arrives in Rome.
  • 219 BCE
    Hannibal crosses the Ebro river in Spain and sacks the city of Saguntum, Rome's ally, sparking off the Second Punic War.
  • Mar 218 BCE
    Rome declares war on Carthage after Hannibal sacks Saguntum in Spain. The Second Punic War begins.
  • 216 BCE
    "Hannibal ante portas." Hannibal directly threatens the city of Rome, but cannot advance due to lack of supplies and reinforcements.
  • 214 BCE - 205 BCE
    First Macedonian War: Rome defeats Philip V of Macedon.
  • 213 BCE - 211 BCE
    Roman commander Marcus Claudius Marcellus lays seige to and ultimately sacks Syracuse.
  • 212 BCE
    A Carthaginian army is defeated in Sicily by a Roman army led by Marcellus. Syracuse falls to Rome who now control the island.
  • 212 BCE - 205 BCE
    The Achaean League sides with Macedon against Rome in the First Macedonian War.
  • 210 BCE - 207 BCE
    Scipio Africanus conquers Spain for Rome.
  • 210 BCE
    Rome attacks Agrigento.
  • c. 22 Jun 207 BCE
    Rome defeats a Carthaginian army at the battle of Metaurus.
  • c. 200 BCE
    Rome now dominates the production of coinage in Italy.
  • 200 BCE - 196 BCE
    The Achaean League sides with Rome in the Second Macedonian War.
  • 196 BCE
    The earliest known Triumphal Arches are built in Rome by L.Sertinius.
  • 195 BCE
    Facing the threat of being handed to the Romans as a result of the opposition to the reforms he initiated in Carthage, Hannibal flees to Crete and then to Tyre, in Seleucid territory. He will become one of the military advisors of king Antiochos III Megas in his war against Rome.
  • 191 BCE
    Antiochus III and his army, including many Galatians, are defeated by Rome at Magnesia.
  • 191 BCE - 134 BCE
    Various resistance movements against Rome in Iberia. Viriato leads the Lusitanians against Rome from 154 to 139 BC.
  • c. 191 BCE
    The Achaean League signs a treaty of alliance with Rome.
  • c. 189 BCE
    The treaty of Apameea Kibotos. Peace and alliance is established between the Seleucid Kingdom and Rome joined by her allies, such as Pergamon and Rhodes. The Seleucids have to evacuate all the land and the cities from Asia Minor and to pay a huge war indemnity.
  • 188 BCE
    Rome gives Samos its independence.
  • 172 BCE - 168 BCE
    Third Macedonian War: Perseus of Macedon challenges Rome and is defeated.
  • 168 BCE
    Rome defeats Macedon at Battle of Pydna.
  • 166 BCE
    Rome gives dominion over the Cyclades to Athens.
  • 166 BCE
    Rome puts Delos under the jurisdiction of Athens and makes the island a free port.
  • c. 159 BCE
    First water-clock set up in Rome.
  • 150 BCE
    A Carthaginian army attacks Numidia, breaking the peace treaty agreed with Rome and sparking the Third Punic War.
  • 149 BCE
    Rome sends an army of 80,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry to attack Carthage.
  • 146 BCE
    Rome sacks Corinth and dissolves the Achaean league. Greece is ruled by Rome.
  • 146 BCE
    First Roman all-marble building is constructed, the temple of Jupiter Stater in Rome.
  • 146 BCE
    Open war breaks out between Rome and the Achaean League.
  • 144 BCE - 140 BCE
    Rome's 91 km long Aqua Marcia aqueduct constructed.
  • 133 BCE
    Attalus III, the last king of Pergamon, bequeathes the whole of Pergamon to Rome.
  • 133 BCE
    Rome captures Numantia. End of Iberian resistance.
  • 125 BCE
    Rome intervenes on behalf of Massalia against the Saluvii Celts.
  • 121 BCE
    Gallia Narbonensis becomes a Roman province.
  • 111 BCE
    Lepcis Magna becomes an ally of Rome.
  • 107 BCE - 100 BCE
    Gaius Marius reforms the Roman army.
  • 12 Jul 100 BCE - 15 Mar 44 BCE
    Life of Gaius Julius Caesar, founder of the Roman Empire.
  • 91 BCE - 89 BCE
    Social War between Rome and her Italian allies. Italians want Roman Citizenship and equal share in power. Only won by Rome by granting the Italian wishes.
  • 89 BCE
    All poleis or city-states in Magna Graecia come under Roman control.
  • 88 BCE - 87 BCE
    First Civil War between Marius and Sulla. First march on Rome by Sulla.
  • 88 BCE - 63 BCE
    Mithridates of Pontus fights three wars to free Greece from Rome.
  • 83 BCE
    Sulla's second march on Rome. Mass Proscriptions.
  • 80 BCE
    Sulla moves the Olympic Games to Rome for a single Olympiad.
  • 80 BCE
    Sulla is persuaded to give Pompey his first triumph in Rome.
  • 79 BCE
    Cicero leaves Rome for two years in order to improve his health and improve his learning.
  • 70 BCE
    Pompey and Crassus are made consuls.
  • 65 BCE
    Julius Caesar becomes aedile curule in Rome.
  • 64 BCE
  • 64 BCE
    Galatia becomes a client state of Rome.
  • 23 Sep 63 BCE
    Octavian born Gaius Octavius Thurinus at Rome.
  • 23 Sep 63 BCE
    Augustus is born Gaius Octavius Thurinus at Rome.
  • 61 BCE
    Pompey is granted his third triumph in Rome for his exploits in Asia.
  • 59 BCE - 17 CE
    Life of Livy.
  • 58 BCE - 51 BCE
  • 58 BCE - 57 BCE
    Cicero is exiled from Rome.
  • 56 BCE
    The navies of Rome and the Veneti Gauls clash resulting in a Roman victory. This is the first recorded naval battle in the Atlantic Ocean.
  • 55 BCE
    Pompey the Great builds the first permanent stone theatre in Rome.
  • 55 BCE - 54 BCE
    Julius Caesar's expeditions in Britain.
  • 54 BCE - 29 BCE
    Forum of Caesar constructed in Rome by Julius Caesar as another area to conduct judicial business. It is the best surviving of his monuments.
  • 44 BCE
    Julius Caesar is murdered.
  • 43 BCE - 17 CE
    Life of Ovid.
  • 43 BCE - 36 BCE
    Second Roman Triumvirate: Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus (official approvement by Senate). Mass proscriptions including Cicero.
  • 36 BCE
    Agrippa defeats the naval fleet of Sextus Pompey in the battle of Naulochos.
  • 31 BCE
    Greece absorbed into Roman Empire.
  • c. 27 BCE
    The first Pantheon is built in Rome and dedicated by Marcus Agrippa.
  • c. 20 BCE
    Military engineer and architect Vitruvius publishes his "De Architectura".
  • c. 20 BCE
    The Campus Martius baths in Rome are constructed and donated to the people by Agrippa.
  • 19 BCE
    Arch of Augustus built in Rome to commemorate victory over the Parthians.
  • c. 13 BCE
    Official inauguration of the Theatre of Marcellus in Rome.
  • 2 BCE
    The Temple of Mars Ultor in Rome is inaugurated by Augustus.
  • 1 CE - 100 CE
    Mithraism spreads in the Roman empire.
  • 42 CE - 62 CE
    St. Paul goes on missionary journeys across Asia Minor, Greece, and Rome.
  • c. 50 CE - c. 60 CE
    Establishment of various Christian communities in the Eastern Mediterranean, Greece, Egypt, and at least the city of Rome.
  • 60 CE - 61 CE
    Boudicca's Revolt in Britain.
  • c. 64 CE
    The Roman port of Ostia reaches its maximum size becoming a major urban centre.
  • 64 CE
    Fire destroys the Circus Maximus in Rome.
  • 64 CE
    The great fire in Rome.
  • 64 CE
    Unofficial persecution of Christians in Rome.
  • c. 65 CE
    The Circus Maximus in Rome is rebuilt and its capacity increased to 250,000.
  • c. 65 CE
    The Baths of Nero are built in Rome.
  • 66 CE - 73 CE
    The Jewish Revolt against Rome.
  • 68 CE - 69 CE
    Year of the Four Emperors: Civil war in Rome.
  • 70 CE
    The city of Jerusalem is besieged and captured by Rome; the Second Temple destroyed.
  • Jun 71 CE
    Titus returns to Rome from Jewish War.
  • 72 CE
    Vespasian begins construction of the Colosseum in Rome.
  • 24 Jan 76 CE - 10 Jul 138 CE
    Life of Roman emperor Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus).
  • 79 CE
    Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in southern Italy burying the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum in volcanic ash.
  • 80 CE
    The first Pantheon in Rome is destroyed by fire.
  • 80 CE
    The Colosseum in Rome is officially opened by Titus with a 100 day gladiator spectacular.
  • 81 CE - 96 CE
    Construction is finally completed on the Colosseum of Rome in the reign of Domitian.
  • 83 CE
    Battle of Mons Graupius in Scotland.
  • 18 Sep 96 CE
    Death of Roman Emperor Domitian.
  • 110 CE
    The second Pantheon building in Rome is hit by lightning and destroyed by fire.
  • c. 110 CE
    First documented martydom in the Colosseum of Rome, that of St. Ignatius of Antioch.
  • 113 CE
    Trajan’s column is constructed in Rome which commemorates the emperor's campaigns in Dacia.
  • c. 125 CE
    The Pantheon is completed in Rome.
  • 10 Jul 138 CE - 9 Mar 161 CE
    Reign of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.
  • c. 180 CE
    The Column of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina is erected in Rome. It depicts in relief sculpture the emperors' campaigns across the Danube.
  • 192 CE
    Emperor Commodus is murdered, civil war ensues (until 197 CE).
  • 202 CE
    The Pantheon in Rome is repaired by Septimius Severus and Caracalla.
  • 227 CE
    The Baths of Nero in Rome are extensively renovated and expanded by Alexander Severus and renamed Thermae Alexandrinae.
  • c. 235 CE
    The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed.
  • 249 CE - 251 CE
    Reign of Roman Emperor Decius.
  • 272 CE
    Possible year of Emperor Constantine's birth.
  • 286 CE
    Naval commander Carausius (Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Valerius Carausius) declares himself emperor in Britain and Northern Gaul.
  • 293 CE
    Emperor Carausius assassinated by Allectus.
  • 308 CE
    Constantine I named "caesar" of the west.
  • 312 CE
    Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge.
  • 337 CE
    Death of Emperor Constantine I.
  • 402 CE
    Ravenna becomes the capital of the Western Roman empire.
  • 408 CE
    Alaric I the Visigoth besieges Rome. As ransom, Rome pays 5,000 pounds of gold, 30,000 pounds of silver, 4,000 silken tunics, 3,000 hides dyed scarlet, and 3,000 pounds of pepper.
  • 24 Aug 410 CE
    Alaric sacks Rome.
  • 410 CE
    Alaric of the Visigoths sacks Rome.
  • 422 CE
    The Colosseum of Rome is damaged by earthquake.
  • 455 CE
    Vandals sack Rome.
  • 536 CE
    Rome falls to Belisarius.
  • 549 CE
    The last official chariot race is held in Rome's Circus Maximus.
  • 608 CE
    The Pantheon in Rome is converted into a Christian church.
  • c. 730 CE
    First reference to the Flavian Amphitheatre as the Colosseum by the Venerable Bede.
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Legend:

800 BCE 700 BCE 600 BCE 500 BCE 400 BCE 300 BCE 200 BCE 100 BCE 0 CE 100 CE 200 CE 300 CE 400 CE 500 CE 600 CE 700 CE  
 
 
753 BCE: The legendary founding date of Rome.
 
753 BCE - 510 BCE: Regal Period of ancient Rome from Founding to Birth of the Republic.
 
750 BCE - 510 BCE: The semi-legendary celeres or trossuli - a 300-man cavalry corps which the first kings of Rome incorporated into the legion - is formed, later their number is increased to 600.
 
750 BCE - 510 BCE: The (semi-mythological) seven kings of Rome: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tulus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus.
 
 
620 BCE: Posible founding date for Ostia, the port of Rome.
 
599 BCE - 500 BCE: The traditional date when the Circus Maximus of Rome is first laid out.
 
578 BCE - 535 BCE: Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, increases the number of the cavalry corps (equites) to 1,800.
 
 
509 BCE: Foundation of the Roman Republic.
 
 
509 BCE: First treaty between Rome and Carthage.
 
 
504 BCE: Migration of Claudii from Sabine lands to Rome.
 
499 BCE: Battle of Lake Regillus between Rome and the Latin League.
 
 
498 BCE - 493 BCE: Rome defeats the Latins.
 
497 BCE: The first temple dedicated to Saturn is constructed in the Roman Forum of Rome.
 
 
493 BCE: Foedus Cassianus - treaty by Spurius Cassius Vecellinus with the Latin League after the Battle of Lake Regillus.
 
 
484 BCE: The first temple of the Dioscuri (Castor & Pollux) is dedicated in Rome by Aulus Postumius following his victory over the Latins at the Battle of Lake Regillus.
 
451 BCE - 450 BCE: Decemvirate and Publication of Twelve Tables of Roman Law.
 
449 BCE: The Valerio-Horatian Laws establishes the tribal assemblies in Rome.
 
 
431 BCE: The temple to Apollo Medicus is built in Rome.
 
400 BCE: Roman tale of mythical twins Romulus and Remus first recorded.
 
390 BCE: Gauls sack Rome.
 
387 BCE: "Gallic Catastrophe:" Duke Brennus of the Celts defeats the Romans at Allia, and subsequently sacks Rome. Celts move off after ransom is paid.
 
380 BCE: Rebuilding of Rome. Strong walls around the seven hills.
 
 
367 BCE - 529 CE: Worship of the goddess Isis spreads outside Egypt's borders to Greece and Rome.
 
367 BCE: Livy mentions Celtic armies in Ancona and one such group moves against Rome once more.
 
367 BCE: Position of aedile curule added for the patricians of Rome.
 
343 BCE - 341 BCE: First Samnite War (Rome vs. Samnites).
 
340 BCE - 338 BCE: Latin War, victory for Rome.
 
 
334 BCE: Rome signs a peace treaty with the Senones tribe.
 
326 BCE - 304 BCE: Second Samnite War.
 
323 BCE - 30 BCE: Horus remains a popular deity during the Ptolemaic Dynasty, the last to rule over Egypt before the coming of Rome.
 
323 BCE - 30 BCE: The Egyptian Book of the Dead continues in popular use through the Ptolemaic Dynasty, the last to rule Egypt before the coming of Rome.
 
 
321 BCE: The Via Appia, a famous Roman road, is constructed.
 
 
312 BCE: Rome's first aqueduct constructed, the 16km long Aqua Appia.
 
298 BCE - 290 BCE: Third Samnite War between Rome and the Samnite people.
 
 
298 BCE - 290 BCE: Third Samnite War. Victory for Rome, peace with the Etruscans.
 
 
295 BCE: The first temple to Venus is dedicated on Rome's Aventine Hill.
 
295 BCE: Roman victory over Samnites, Gauls and Umbrians at Sentinum.
 
 
292 BCE: The Romans adopt the Greek god of medicine Asclepius by stealing his sacred snake from Epidaurus and setting up a temple on the Tiber Island.
 
287 BCE: The Lex Hotensia states that laws passed in Rome by the Concilium Plebis are binding to all people, even patricians.
 
 
285 BCE - 282 BCE: Rome defeats the Celts in Italy. Rome's dominance in central Italy is secured.
 
283 BCE: Rome decisively defeats the Senones at Picenum.
 
 
282 BCE - 272 BCE: Roman war against Tarentum. Rome conquers Tarentum. Rome’s dominance in lower Italy is secured.
 
273 BCE: Rome establishes a colony at Paestum.
 
 
272 BCE - 269 BCE: Rome's Anio Vetus aqueduct constructed.
 
 
264 BCE - 241 BCE: First Punic War. Carthage cedes Sicily to Rome.
 
 
263 BCE: A shrine is dedicated to Minerva on the Aventine in Rome.
 
262 BCE: Rome besieges and sacks Agrigento on Sicily in one of the first actions of the First Punic War.
 
260 BCE: Rome builds a fleet of 120 ships in just 60 days to fight the First Punic War.
 
258 BCE: Rome wins a naval battle against Carthage at Sulcis during the First Punic War.
 
256 BCE: Rome wins a land battle south of Tunis during the First Punic War.
 
256 BCE: Rome lands an army of four legions on African soil at Clupea during the First Punic War.
 
249 BCE: Carthage defeats Rome in a naval battle at Drepanum during the First Punic War.
 
241 BCE - 238 BCE: The rebellion of the mercenaries: Unpaid mercenaries under the leadership of Mathos and Spendios rebel against Carthage. Despite a peace treaty, Rome seizes the opportunity to strip Carthage of Sardinia and Corsica.
 
229 BCE - 228 BCE: Rome fights Illyrian pirates. Queen Teuta pays tribute to Rome.
 
226 BCE: Hasdrubal signs an agreement with Rome not to cross the Ebro river in Spain.
 
225 BCE: Segesta is granted the status of civitas immunis et libera by Rome.
 
 
222 BCE: Rome conquers Cisalpine Gaul (modern-day Provence, France).
 
 
219 BCE: The physician Archagathus of Sparta arrives in Rome.
 
219 BCE: Hannibal crosses the Ebro river in Spain and sacks the city of Saguntum, Rome's ally, sparking off the Second Punic War.
 
218 BCE: Rome declares war on Carthage after Hannibal sacks Saguntum in Spain. The Second Punic War begins.
 
216 BCE: "Hannibal ante portas." Hannibal directly threatens the city of Rome, but cannot advance due to lack of supplies and reinforcements.
 
214 BCE - 205 BCE: First Macedonian War: Rome defeats Philip V of Macedon.
 
 
213 BCE - 211 BCE: Roman commander Marcus Claudius Marcellus lays seige to and ultimately sacks Syracuse.
 
212 BCE: A Carthaginian army is defeated in Sicily by a Roman army led by Marcellus. Syracuse falls to Rome who now control the island.
 
 
212 BCE - 205 BCE: The Achaean League sides with Macedon against Rome in the First Macedonian War.
 
 
210 BCE - 207 BCE: Scipio Africanus conquers Spain for Rome.
 
210 BCE: Rome attacks Agrigento.
 
207 BCE: Rome defeats a Carthaginian army at the battle of Metaurus.
 
200 BCE: Rome now dominates the production of coinage in Italy.
 
 
200 BCE - 196 BCE: The Achaean League sides with Rome in the Second Macedonian War.
 
196 BCE: The earliest known Triumphal Arches are built in Rome by L.Sertinius.
 
195 BCE: Facing the threat of being handed to the Romans as a result of the opposition to the reforms he initiated in Carthage, Hannibal flees to Crete and then to Tyre, in Seleucid territory. He will become one of the military advisors of king Antiochos III Megas in his war against Rome.
 
191 BCE: Antiochus III and his army, including many Galatians, are defeated by Rome at Magnesia.
 
191 BCE - 134 BCE: Various resistance movements against Rome in Iberia. Viriato leads the Lusitanians against Rome from 154 to 139 BC.
 
 
191 BCE: The Achaean League signs a treaty of alliance with Rome.
 
 
189 BCE: The treaty of Apameea Kibotos. Peace and alliance is established between the Seleucid Kingdom and Rome joined by her allies, such as Pergamon and Rhodes. The Seleucids have to evacuate all the land and the cities from Asia Minor and to pay a huge war indemnity.
 
 
188 BCE: Rome gives Samos its independence.
 
 
172 BCE - 168 BCE: Third Macedonian War: Perseus of Macedon challenges Rome and is defeated.
 
 
168 BCE: Rome defeats Macedon at Battle of Pydna.
 
 
166 BCE: Rome gives dominion over the Cyclades to Athens.
 
 
166 BCE: Rome puts Delos under the jurisdiction of Athens and makes the island a free port.
 
159 BCE: First water-clock set up in Rome.
 
150 BCE: A Carthaginian army attacks Numidia, breaking the peace treaty agreed with Rome and sparking the Third Punic War.
 
149 BCE: Rome sends an army of 80,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry to attack Carthage.
 
 
146 BCE: Rome sacks Corinth and dissolves the Achaean league. Greece is ruled by Rome.
 
 
146 BCE: First Roman all-marble building is constructed, the temple of Jupiter Stater in Rome.
 
 
146 BCE: Open war breaks out between Rome and the Achaean League.
 
 
144 BCE - 140 BCE: Rome's 91 km long Aqua Marcia aqueduct constructed.
 
 
133 BCE: Attalus III, the last king of Pergamon, bequeathes the whole of Pergamon to Rome.
 
133 BCE: Rome captures Numantia. End of Iberian resistance.
 
125 BCE: Rome intervenes on behalf of Massalia against the Saluvii Celts.
 
121 BCE: Gallia Narbonensis becomes a Roman province.
 
111 BCE: Lepcis Magna becomes an ally of Rome.
 
107 BCE - 100 BCE: Gaius Marius reforms the Roman army.
 
100 BCE - 44 BCE: Life of Gaius Julius Caesar, founder of the Roman Empire.
 
91 BCE - 89 BCE: Social War between Rome and her Italian allies. Italians want Roman Citizenship and equal share in power. Only won by Rome by granting the Italian wishes.
 
 
89 BCE: All poleis or city-states in Magna Graecia come under Roman control.
 
88 BCE - 87 BCE: First Civil War between Marius and Sulla. First march on Rome by Sulla.
 
88 BCE - 63 BCE: Mithridates of Pontus fights three wars to free Greece from Rome.
 
 
83 BCE: Sulla's second march on Rome. Mass Proscriptions.
 
80 BCE: Sulla moves the Olympic Games to Rome for a single Olympiad.
 
 
80 BCE: Sulla is persuaded to give Pompey his first triumph in Rome.
 
 
79 BCE: Cicero leaves Rome for two years in order to improve his health and improve his learning.
 
70 BCE: Pompey and Crassus are made consuls.
 
65 BCE: Julius Caesar becomes aedile curule in Rome.
 
 
64 BCE: Pompey the Great claims Syria for Rome.
 
64 BCE: Galatia becomes a client state of Rome.
 
63 BCE: Octavian born Gaius Octavius Thurinus at Rome.
 
63 BCE: Augustus is born Gaius Octavius Thurinus at Rome.
 
61 BCE: Pompey is granted his third triumph in Rome for his exploits in Asia.
 
59 BCE - 17 CE: Life of Livy.
 
 
58 BCE - 51 BCE: Julius Caesar’s conquest of Gaul.
 
58 BCE - 57 BCE: Cicero is exiled from Rome.
 
56 BCE: The navies of Rome and the Veneti Gauls clash resulting in a Roman victory. This is the first recorded naval battle in the Atlantic Ocean.
 
55 BCE: Pompey the Great builds the first permanent stone theatre in Rome.
 
 
55 BCE - 54 BCE: Julius Caesar's expeditions in Britain.
 
 
54 BCE - 29 BCE: Forum of Caesar constructed in Rome by Julius Caesar as another area to conduct judicial business. It is the best surviving of his monuments.
 
44 BCE: Julius Caesar is murdered.
 
43 BCE - 17 CE: Life of Ovid.
 
43 BCE - 36 BCE: Second Roman Triumvirate: Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus (official approvement by Senate). Mass proscriptions including Cicero.
 
36 BCE: Agrippa defeats the naval fleet of Sextus Pompey in the battle of Naulochos.
 
 
31 BCE: Greece absorbed into Roman Empire.
 
27 BCE: The first Pantheon is built in Rome and dedicated by Marcus Agrippa.
 
 
20 BCE: Military engineer and architect Vitruvius publishes his "De Architectura".
 
20 BCE: The Campus Martius baths in Rome are constructed and donated to the people by Agrippa.
 
 
19 BCE: Arch of Augustus built in Rome to commemorate victory over the Parthians.
 
13 BCE: Official inauguration of the Theatre of Marcellus in Rome.
 
 
2 BCE: The Temple of Mars Ultor in Rome is inaugurated by Augustus.
 
1 CE - 100 CE: Mithraism spreads in the Roman empire.
 
42 CE - 62 CE: St. Paul goes on missionary journeys across Asia Minor, Greece, and Rome.
 
 
50 CE - 60 CE: Establishment of various Christian communities in the Eastern Mediterranean, Greece, Egypt, and at least the city of Rome.
 
 
60 CE - 61 CE: Boudicca's Revolt in Britain.
 
64 CE: The Roman port of Ostia reaches its maximum size becoming a major urban centre.
 
64 CE: Fire destroys the Circus Maximus in Rome.
 
64 CE: The great fire in Rome.
 
64 CE: Unofficial persecution of Christians in Rome.
 
65 CE: The Circus Maximus in Rome is rebuilt and its capacity increased to 250,000.
 
65 CE: The Baths of Nero are built in Rome.
 
 
66 CE - 73 CE: The Jewish Revolt against Rome.
 
 
68 CE - 69 CE: Year of the Four Emperors: Civil war in Rome.
 
 
70 CE: The city of Jerusalem is besieged and captured by Rome; the Second Temple destroyed.
 
71 CE: Titus returns to Rome from Jewish War.
 
 
72 CE: Vespasian begins construction of the Colosseum in Rome.
 
76 CE - 138 CE: Life of Roman emperor Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus).
 
 
79 CE: Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in southern Italy burying the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum in volcanic ash.
 
80 CE: The first Pantheon in Rome is destroyed by fire.
 
 
80 CE: The Colosseum in Rome is officially opened by Titus with a 100 day gladiator spectacular.
 
 
81 CE - 96 CE: Construction is finally completed on the Colosseum of Rome in the reign of Domitian.
 
 
83 CE: Battle of Mons Graupius in Scotland.
 
96 CE: Death of Roman Emperor Domitian.
 
110 CE: The second Pantheon building in Rome is hit by lightning and destroyed by fire.
 
 
110 CE: First documented martydom in the Colosseum of Rome, that of St. Ignatius of Antioch.
 
113 CE: Trajan’s column is constructed in Rome which commemorates the emperor's campaigns in Dacia.
 
 
125 CE: The Pantheon is completed in Rome.
 
138 CE - 161 CE: Reign of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.
 
180 CE: The Column of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina is erected in Rome. It depicts in relief sculpture the emperors' campaigns across the Danube.
 
 
192 CE: Emperor Commodus is murdered, civil war ensues (until 197 CE).
 
202 CE: The Pantheon in Rome is repaired by Septimius Severus and Caracalla.
 
227 CE: The Baths of Nero in Rome are extensively renovated and expanded by Alexander Severus and renamed Thermae Alexandrinae.
 
235 CE: The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed.
 
249 CE - 251 CE: Reign of Roman Emperor Decius.
 
272 CE: Possible year of Emperor Constantine's birth.
 
286 CE: Naval commander Carausius (Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Valerius Carausius) declares himself emperor in Britain and Northern Gaul.
 
293 CE: Emperor Carausius assassinated by Allectus.
 
 
308 CE: Constantine I named "caesar" of the west.
 
 
312 CE: Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge.
 
337 CE: Death of Emperor Constantine I.
 
 
402 CE: Ravenna becomes the capital of the Western Roman empire.
 
408 CE: Alaric I the Visigoth besieges Rome. As ransom, Rome pays 5,000 pounds of gold, 30,000 pounds of silver, 4,000 silken tunics, 3,000 hides dyed scarlet, and 3,000 pounds of pepper.
 
 
410 CE: Alaric sacks Rome.
 
410 CE: Alaric of the Visigoths sacks Rome.
 
 
422 CE: The Colosseum of Rome is damaged by earthquake.
 
455 CE: Vandals sack Rome.
 
536 CE: Rome falls to Belisarius.
 
549 CE: The last official chariot race is held in Rome's Circus Maximus.
 
 
608 CE: The Pantheon in Rome is converted into a Christian church.
 
 
730 CE: First reference to the Flavian Amphitheatre as the Colosseum by the Venerable Bede.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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